4/19/2023 0 Comments Sawmill gamma controlPeople with high self-efficacy found a lack of control stressful. Meier et al (2008) found that people with low self-efficacy (confidence in the ability to carry out actions and successfully complete tasks) experienced more stress, not less, when they had more control at work.However, Liu et al (2007) found that there were no significant cultural differences in perception of workload as stressful, meaning that this concept is likely to be applicable across all cultures. Some research has suggested that, in collectivist cultures, having control at work is actually seen as less desirable, potentially meaning that research in this area is culturally biased- it may not be appropriate to class control as a source of stress in the workplace everywhere.There are a range of factors, including support from colleagues, the kind of work done, and how the person perceives the amount of workload and control they have, which are not really considered, lowering the validity of the explanation. The job demands- control model is likely to be over-simplistic.The conclusion was that high demand, together with a lack of control, is linked with stress-related illness. Illness and absenteeism rates were also higher amongst the finishers. The findings were that the finishers group had higher levels of stress hormones (even before starting work) than the cleaners, and these levels increased during the day. Measures of illness and absenteeism were collected from both groups, along with levels of stress hormones adrenaline and noradrenaline during the day. Cleaners were able to work at their own pace and had less responsibility. The finishers had a lack of control over their work (it was determined by machine), but also a high responsibility and demand, as if the finishers fell behind schedule the production rate slowed. Johansson et al (1978): This study looked at Swedish sawmill workers, comparing the ‘finishers’, who prepared finished timbers, to ‘cleaners’, who cleaned the sawmill. The conclusion was that workload does not seem to affect stress and illness, but a lack of control in a job does affect stress and illness. The findings were that there was no correlation between workload and illness, however a lack of control was strongly associated with CHD developing, even accounting for lifestyle factors, and personality differences. Participants completed a questionnaire to measure workload and control, and were examined for signs of coronary heart disease (CHD). They were of varying ‘grades’ (levels of importance) so had varying levels of workloads and control. 10,000 UK civil service employees were studied. Marmot et al (1997): This study aimed to investigate the effects of control on stress and illness. However, the effects of this are reduced when a person has control over their work. Job demands-control model: Karasek (1979) suggested that stressful elements of a job, including high workload and demand, can lead to stress-related illness and absenteeism (time off work). the ability to make decisions about their working conditions). Two factors have been identified as being key sources of stress in the workplace- workload (the amount of work a person needs to do in a given time) and control (the degree of freedom a person has in their job, e.g. Sources of Stress: Workplace Stress Sources of Stress: Workplace Stress Dealing with Offending Behaviour: Custodial Sentencing.Psychological Explanations of Offending Behaviour.The Ethological Explanation of Aggression.Research Methods: Scientific Method & Techniques.Explanations of Attachment: Learning Theory.
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